In 1845, he ran his first commercial packaged tour, complete with cost-effective railway tickets and a printed guide (Thomas Cook, 2014). William Theobald suggests that the word tour comes from Greek and Latin words for circle and turn, and that tourism and tourist represent the activities of circling away from home, and then returning (Theobald, 1998).Īlmost 100 years later, in June 1841, Thomas Cook opened the first leisure travel agency, designed to help Britons improve their lives by seeing the world and participating in the temperance movement. The word tourist appeared in print much later, in 1772 (Griffiths and Griffiths, 1772). It is derived from the Latin hospes, which encompasses the words guest, host, and foreigner (Latdict, 2014). Through the Middle Ages, many societies encouraged the practice of religious pilgrimage, as reflected in Chaucers Canterbury Tales and other literature. Historically, the ability to travel was reserved for royalty and the upper classes.įrom ancient Roman times through to the 17th century, young men of high standing were encouraged to travel through Europe on a grand tour (Chaney, 2000). Simply put, the hospitality industry is the combination of the accommodation and food and beverage groupings, collectively making up the largest segment of the industry. Some define hospitality as the business of helping people to feel welcome and relaxed and to enjoy themselves (Discover Hospitality, 2015, 3). The same is true of the other four groupings, and the rest of this text explores these industry groups, and other aspects of tourism, in more detail. The tourism-related groupings created using NAICS are (in alphabetical order).Īll these businesses need staff to check in guests, provide housekeeping, employ maintenance workers, and provide a place for people to sleep.Īs such, they can be grouped together under the heading of accommodation.
The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) was jointly created by the Canadian, US, and Mexican governments to ensure common analysis across all three countries (British Columbia Ministry of Jobs, Tourism and Skills Training, 2013a). It promotes tourism as a way of developing communities while encouraging ethical behaviour to mitigate negative impacts. Its membership includes 156 countries and over 400 affiliates such as private companies and non-governmental organizations. These people are called visitors (which may be either tourists or excursionists residents or non-residents) and tourism has to do with their activities, some of which imply tourism expenditure (United Nations World Tourism Organization, 2008).
It provides a model for sustainable economic development for these regions, which for various reasons may otherwise struggle to develop.įeaturing cases and business implications from various locations, this book provides an important source of knowledgeboth theoretical and practicalsuitable to academics, scholars, researchers, and practitioners in the tourism sector and the wine industry.Īt the start of this century, global events thrust international travel into decline including the September 11, 2001, attack on the World Trade Center in New York City (known as 911), the war in Iraq, perceived threat of future terrorist attacks, and health scares including SARS, BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy), and West Nile virus (Government of Canada, 2006).īack to the Big Picture: Globalization and Trends Appendix: Glossary About the Authors and Reviewers Versioning History.